there and it#形式主语#It句型#形容词补语#that从句#不定式#高级语法约 3 分钟
形式主语It的形容词补语结构:It is + adj + that/to do
摘要
本专题深入讲解英语中形式主语it与形容词搭配构成的高级句型结构,重点分析“It is + 形容词 + that从句”与“It is + 形容词 + (for sb) + to do不定式”两种核心模式。你将掌握如何运用此类结构使表达更客观、正式,并学会区分其语义差异与适用场景,避免常见混淆。
核心规则
- 结构功能:当句子的主语是较长的从句或不定式短语时,常用形式主语“it”置于句首,将真正的主语(that从句或to do不定式)后置,以避免句子头重脚轻,使句子结构平衡、重点突出。
- “It is + adj + that从句”:此结构用于表达对某件事的评价、判断或情感反应。that引导的从句陈述一个完整的事实。例如:It is obvious that he is lying.(很明显他在撒谎。)
- “It is + adj + (for sb) + to do不定式”:此结构用于表达做某件事的性质、难度或必要性。不定式短语表示具体的动作。介词“for”后可引出该动作的逻辑主语。例如:It is important for us to learn English.(对我们来说,学习英语很重要。)
常见误区
- 混淆that从句与to do不定式:误将表达事实的that从句用于表达具体动作的语境,或反之。例如,不能说“It is difficult that he solves the problem.”(错误),应改为“It is difficult for him to solve the problem.”(对他来说解决这个问题很难。)
- 遗漏形式主语it:在正式书面语中,直接以that从句或to do不定式开头作主语会使句子不自然。例如,应避免“To master a language takes time.”(略显生硬),而应使用“It takes time to master a language.”(掌握一门语言需要时间。)
例句与解析
- It is essential that all applications are submitted by Friday.
- 中文释义:所有申请必须在周五前提交,这是至关重要的。
- 解析:使用“It is essential that...”结构,强调“提交申请”这一事实的必要性,语气正式、客观。
- It is challenging for a beginner to write a complex report.
- 中文释义:对于一个初学者来说,写一份复杂的报告是具有挑战性的。
- 解析:使用“It is challenging for sb to do...”结构,评价“写报告”这个动作对特定人群(初学者)的难度。
- It is surprising that she agreed to the proposal without hesitation.
- 中文释义:她毫不犹豫地同意了那个提议,这令人惊讶。
- 解析:使用“It is surprising that...”结构,表达对“她同意”这个既定事实的情感反应(惊讶)。
高频词与短语
- It is important that... / to do...:重要的是……
- It is necessary that... / to do...:有必要……
- It is possible that... / to do...:可能……
- It is difficult/hard to do...:做……很难
- It is easy to do...:做……很容易
- It is likely that...:很可能……
- It is essential that...:……是必不可少的
- It is advisable that... / to do...:建议……
自测练习
- 请用正确形式填空:It is crucial ______ (finish) the project on time.
- 请判断并改正错误(如有):It is obvious to everyone that the plan will succeed.
- 请将以下句子改写为使用形式主语it的结构:To understand the theory requires patience.
- (练习参考答案:1. to finish;2. 正确;3. It requires patience to understand the theory.)
4. 形容词分类
- 通用型:许多形容词(如important, necessary, possible, difficult, easy, interesting)两种结构都适用,但含义侧重点不同(that从句重事实,to do重动作)。
- 情感/评价型:常用于that从句的形容词有strange, surprising, obvious, true, likely, essential等。
- 性质/难度型:常用于to do结构的形容词有hard, easy, safe, dangerous, convenient, (im)possible等。