被动式#被动语态#双宾语动词#语法结构#动词转换#英语写作#常见错误约 3 分钟
双宾语动词的被动语态:Give/Send/Show类动词的两种转换方式
摘要
在英语中,像give、send、show这类可以带两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词,在变为被动语态时有两种可能的结构。本课将详细讲解这两种被动结构的核心规则、常见错误,并通过丰富例句和练习帮助你精准掌握。掌握此知识点能让你在书面和口语表达中更灵活、更地道。
核心规则
- 两种被动结构:对于“动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”的句型,变为被动语态时,可以选择将间接宾语或直接宾语提前作主语,形成两种正确的被动句。
- 结构一:以人为主语。更常见的用法是将原句中的间接宾语(通常指人) 变为被动句的主语。此时,原直接宾语保留在动词后。
- 主动:My boss gave me a new task. (老板给了我一个新任务。)
- 被动:I was given a new task (by my boss).
- 结构二:以物为主语。也可以将原句中的直接宾语(通常指物) 变为被动句的主语。此时,原间接宾语前通常需要加介词 to (有时用 for)。
- 主动:My boss gave me a new task. (老板给了我一个新任务。)
- 被动:A new task was given to me (by my boss).
常见误区
- 介词误用或遗漏:在使用“以物为主语”的结构时,忘记在保留的“人”(原间接宾语)前加必要的介词 to 或 for。例如,误说成“A new task was given me.” 这是不正确的,必须说“A new task was given to me.”
- 结构混淆:错误地将两种结构混合。例如,在“以人为主语”的结构后错误地加上介词“to”。误:“I was given to a new task.” 正:“I was given a new task.” 或 “A new task was given to me.”
例句与解析
- 主动句:The company sent the customer a confirmation email.
- 被动句 (以人为主语):The customer was sent a confirmation email (by the company).
- 中文释义:客户收到了一封确认邮件(由公司发出)。
- 主动句:She showed us her travel photos.
- 被动句 (以物为主语):Her travel photos were shown to us (by her).
- 中文释义:她的旅行照片被(她)展示给我们看了。
- 主动句:They offered him a good position.
- 被动句 (以人为主语):He was offered a good position (by them).
- 中文释义:他获得了一个好职位(的邀请)。
高频词与短语
- give (gave, given):给予
- send (sent, sent):发送,寄送
- show (showed, shown):展示,给…看
- offer (offered, offered):提供
- tell (told, told):告诉
- lend (lent, lent):借出
- pass (passed, passed):传递
- award (awarded, awarded):授予
自测练习
1. 写 3 句与你的学习或工作场景相关的英文句子,并标注语法点。
2. 将 2 个错误句改写为正确句,并说明修改依据。
3. 用口头复述总结本篇核心规则,检查是否能在新语境中复用。
1. 将下列主动句改为两种可能的被动句
- 主动句:The teacher handed the students the test papers.
- 答案示例
- The students were handed the test papers (by the teacher).
- The test papers were handed to the students (by the teacher).
2. 判断下列句子是否正确,并改正错误
A book was lent me by the library. ( )
- 答案:错误。应改为:A book was lent to me by the library.